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|image2= |caption2=The Great Synagogue, Piotrków, 2012 |header1= |label2=Location |data2=Piotrków Trybunalski, German-occupied Poland |label3=Persecution |data3=Imprisonment, forced labor, starvation |label4=Organizations | data4=''Schutzstaffel'' (''SS'') |label5=Death camp | data5=Treblinka, Majdanek |label6=Victims | data6=28,000 Polish Jews }} The Piotrków Trybunalski Ghetto ((イディッシュ語:פיעטרקוב)) was created in Piotrków Trybunalski only 38 days after the 1939 Nazi German Invasion of Poland in World War II.〔 It was the first Jewish ghetto in Nazi-occupied Europe, founded on , on the general orders of Reinhard Heydrich.〔Statistical data: ( "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland" ) by ''Virtual Shtetl'' Museum of the History of the Polish Jews , as well as ( "Getta Żydowskie," by ''Gedeon'', ) and ("Ghetto List" ) by Michael Peters at www.DeathCamps.org .〕 After a battle with the Polish Army resulting in heavy devastation, the town was occupied by the Wehrmacht on . Piotrków was made into a county seat (''Kreis'') of the newly created Łódź District (''Regierungsbezirk Litzmannstadt'') of the German territory of ''Reichsgau Wartheland''.〔Alexander Zvielli, (Down to the last ghetto. ) The Jerusalem Post 2012.〕 It was put under the command of Hans Drexler, an appointed Nazi ''Oberbürgermeister'' who also created the Ghetto.〔(October 8: First Jewish ghetto established in Piotrkow Trybunalski, ) Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority〕 In total, some 16,500〔–25,000〔 (up to 28,000)〔 Jews went through the Piotrków Ghetto which was liquidated beginning 14 October 1942 in four days of deportations to Treblinka and Majdanek extermination camps aboard overcrowded Holocaust trains.〔( Piotrków Trybunalski – Getto w Piotrkowie Trybunalskim. ) ''Virtual Shtetl.'' Museum of the History of the Polish Jews. Accessed July 1, 2011.〕 ==History== The Piotrków Ghetto was the first wartime ghetto of its kind. Set up in one of Poland's oldest cities with a thriving Jewish community, it took until late January 1940 for the new inmates to move into it.〔(Piotrkow Trybunalski Ghetto. ) ARC 2005. Sources: Gutman, Gilbert, Gill, Trunk.〕 First, the ''Judenrat'' was established and ordered to issue an announcement about the relocation, but this had no effect. Consequently, the Germans themselves evicted the Jews from their homes, transferring them to the ghetto by force.〔 Eventually, up to 28,000 Jews were squeezed into a part of town where only 6,000 people previously lived.〔 The homes vacated by the Jews were assigned to Christians and members of the German minority who took over their businesses after the relocation.〔 It was an open type ghetto –- an early variant of Nazi ghettoization -– without the barbed wire fences introduced later throughout all of occupied Poland. Only warning signs with skulls were placed along the boundaries, and the main gate erected.〔 The ghetto was pronounced closed from the outside on .〔 There were 6,533 German ''Volksdeutsche'' living in Piotrków in 1940, making foraging for food impossible for the Jews because they could not tell the difference between friend and foe.〔Anna Poray, (Przemyslaw & Krystyna Ochalski from Piotrkow. ) Polish Righteous among the Nations ''Saving Jews: Polish Righteous''.〕 The initial population of about 10,000 Jews were not required to use permits to move around town, but shootings by ''Ordnungspolizei'' became commonplace and a curfew in the ghetto was introduced.〔 The influx of refugees expelled from other places, including Warsaw, Łódź, Bełchatów, Kalisz, Gniezno and Płock, caused the ghetto population to more than double by 1942.〔 Jews were not allowed to use main streets. Many were sent as forced labor to prewar factories taken over by the Germans, including Hortensja Glassworks (pl), the Kara industrial glass factory, and the Bugaj wood factory on the lake (pl). Captured Jews were sent to build new fortifications and ditches.〔 More Jewish refugees and displaced persons came from neighbouring villages as well.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Piotrków Trybunalski Ghetto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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